Alcoholics Anonymous describes alcoholism as a threefold disease. What they mean by this is that they are dealing with a disease that has three components: mental, physical, and spiritual. The alcoholic is viewed as dealing with a physical allergy to alcohol, a mental obsession to keep on drinking and an underlying spiritual malady that means willpower is not enough. Unless these three aspects of the condition are treated, the individual will not be able to escape their addiction.
The view that alcoholism is a threefold disease does not have unanimous support. Critics claim that it disempowers the individual by telling them they have an incurable condition. Groups such as Rational Recovery say that once people stop drinking they are cured, viewing themselves as being in remission reinforces the addict identity. There is still some support for the idea that alcoholism is a choice (although not due to moral failings). In this case, telling such people they have a disease turns them into victims with an excuse to continue the behavior. The belief that alcoholism requires a spiritual cure is also criticized. There are plenty of people who manage to escape their addiction without using a spiritual program such as the one offered by Alcoholics Anonymous.
The Three Components of Alcoholism: Mind, Body, and Spirit
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There is no pill or shot that will cure alcoholism. What we do at Discovery Place is treat the mind, body, and spirit through the practice of spiritual principles (things like honesty, willingness, humility, and courage). We give men the foundation they need to obtain and sustain long-term sobriety.
Finally, there is the definition of alcoholism and addiction as defined by 12 Step communities Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA). Although the language can change a bit from fellowship to fellowship and although the initial 12 Step fellowship of AA details its birthday all the way back on June 10, 1935, the 12 Step fellowships may actually have the most comprehensive definition of alcoholism and addiction of any organization. In its most generalized understanding, the 12 Step fellowships define addiction and alcoholism as a threefold illness: a physical allergy, a mental obsession and a spiritual malady.
Given the diversity of Indigenous people (there are over 630 First Nation governments or bands in Canada alone) and the manner in which cultural interventions are intimately tied to the Indigenous groups who developed and practice them, comparability and generalization across programs and settings remains an issue. One possible resolution to this challenge is to compare cultural interventions not so much on their distinctive forms (e.g., sweat lodge vs. shaking tent) but rather on their common functions (e.g., accessing traditional spirituality, enhancing cultural identity), with integration of these components into addictions treatment framed as events within complex dynamic systems [60]. Further conceptual work along these lines may overcome the problems of comparability and generalization in this domain. Beyond this issue, there were no controlled trials, and such methods may be incongruent with cultural values. Few studies included qualitative methodologies that might enhance understanding of outcomes, although this in part might be related to the inclusion criteria priorizing measured outcomes for treatment interventions. While, there was great variability in sample size, ranging from 11 to 2,685 participants, the majority of studies included under 100 participants. It is of note that studies with low N s might be useful as they are tailored to a very specific people at a very specific time and place.
First, given that most of the identified studies involve integrative treatment approaches, future investigators could more clearly describe the Indigenous cultural components of the programs under study, including details surrounding whether, how, and how often treatment clients participated in these throughout the study. Second, given that most of the identified studies used a wide range of outcome measures, future investigators could adopt measures representing three broad classes of outcome indicators, including standard assessments of substance use over time, surveys of Indigenous community-designated indicators of wellness or recovery, and qualitative perspectives on outcomes through the lens of the diverse people involved in treatment. Third, it will be important in future studies to more adequately describe and analyze how gender, age and other social determinants of health affect wellness outcomes.
A report from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study examined the drinking habits of more than 38,000 men over a 12-year period. Moderate drinkers were 30-35% less likely to have had a heart attack than non-drinkers. [10] This reduction was observed among men who drank wine, beer, or spirits, and was similar for those who drank with meals and those who drank outside of meal time. This study also found that the frequency of drinking may matter: Men who drank light to moderate amounts three or more days per week had a lower risk of heart attack than those who drank once or twice a week.
God gives us clear warnings against behaviors that would hurt our body or mind, such as excess drinking and drug use. God knows these activities will destroy our body, mind, and soul, pulling us away from him and toward earthly ruin and eternal death.
However, integrated treatment for substance use disorders and mental health disorders share a focus on mind, body and spirit. Components that are typical of treatment of substance use disorders (and parallel components for the treatment of mental health disorders) typically include:
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